As companies become more eager to take advantage of their strengths, research firm IDC also predicts the phenomenal growth of the Internet of Things. According to a recent study by the company, global Internet of Things spending will reach $772.5 billion in 2018 and $1.1 trillion by 2021.

In addition to the phenomenal growth of IoT devices, another trend is the torrent of data caused by users and machine-generated data at the edge of the network. Mobile internet and social media have empowered people to become data creators. Today, more than 400 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute, more than 243,000 photos are posted on Facebook, and more than 29 million messages are sent via WhatsApp.

Will cloud computing decentralization be inevitable? Will the edge cloud replace the central cloud?

This has led to a shift in the global data traffic model: from consumer devices that primarily consume content (hosted on the cloud) and generate downstream traffic (from the cloud to the device) to powerful devices that generate content and generate significant upstream traffic.

This shift is making the network and central cloud computing infrastructure even more important. The same is true for machines. According to Intel's CEO, autonomous vehicles produce 4 terabytes of data per day, the equivalent of 3,000 people a day.

The main challenges facing cloud computing

The data generated by smart devices and edge devices is exploding, which has led to a much higher demand for computing infrastructure than is currently possible with centralized cloud computing infrastructure.

The current network and computing infrastructure cannot send all data back to the central cloud platform for processing. There is also a need to add an order of magnitude of resources to the central cloud platform to process and analyze data on remote data center servers. Even so, in most cases, people must transfer the results back to the edge device for actionable reporting.

People are on the verge of data explosion, but the tsunami of data has not yet arrived. The Internet of Things is growing rapidly and has been in conflict with the physical limitations of the network.

Historically, computing power has roughly doubled every 18 months (or 100 times per decade), while network bandwidth has grown about 50 times every decade. In other words, even if the number of devices keeps growing, the communication network will still be the bottleneck for the development of the Internet of Things.

Moreover, even if the network capacity is miraculously increased to cope with all of this data, the physical laws will prevent remote processing of central cloud platform data due to large delays in long-distance data transmission. For many IoT applications, even a few milliseconds of latency is extremely important. For example, in an autonomous car, a few milliseconds may be the difference between life and death.

Should spread cloud applications

Fortunately, there is a way to turn tens of billions of devices into challenges. People need to release the power of edge computing devices through paradigm shifts.

Edge devices that are idle most of the time have a large amount of unused computing resources. For example, there are currently 50 million Sony PlayStaTIon 4s on the market, and their aggregate computing power is about four times that of Amazon's 27 global data centers. In addition, the computing power of billions of computers, tablets, set-top boxes, smart routers, connected devices, smartphones, etc. is millions of times that of central cloud computing resources.

If people can collect unused resources on these computing devices, they can create edge clouds that are millions of times larger than today's entire central cloud computing resources. This is the only scalable solution to the dramatic increase in data.

In other words, people need to evolve to the edge cloud, a decentralized architecture in which the boundaries between servers and clients are broken, and resources on the central cloud and edges are combined to form an extended cloud computing architecture. Edge devices can process data in a locally deployed data center, communicate directly with other devices, and share resources with other edge nodes to offload central cloud computing resources.

Edge clouds are the inevitable natural evolution of cloud computing. The architecture is more efficient and scalable, and can achieve lower latency. In many cases, data can be analyzed immediately and actions taken to overcome bandwidth limitations and latency limitations on the network. It also involves relevant social and economic impacts. Decentralized cloud computing is inherently more private because it minimizes central cloud computing entities and is more cost effective because it leverages unused computing resources at the edges.

Will the edge cloud replace the central cloud?

People should not misinterpret edge cloud computing as a substitute for a central cloud. Some applications are better suited for resources in the data center. However, the central cloud (servers in the data center) should not be a bottleneck. They should only be used when there are advantages. Servers in the data center should work with edge devices to build a distributed edge cloud architecture.

Delegating some of the processing and storage of cloud computing to edge devices (close to where the data resides) is critical for many applications that require low latency and super localization.

Increasing adoption of the Internet of Things by businesses will make decentralized clouds even more necessary. According to Gartner, about 10% of enterprise-generated data is created and processed in devices outside of traditional centralized data centers or cloud computing. By 2022 this number will reach 50%. The potential impact of the edge cloud as a promoter of the hyperconnected world is enormous, bringing huge opportunities to the business and bringing benefits to users.

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