7. What is RTK technology? This article refers to the address: http:// Conventional GPS measurement methods, such as static, fast static, and dynamic measurement, require post-calculation to achieve centimeter-level accuracy, while RTK is a measurement method that can obtain centimeter-level positioning accuracy in real time in the field. It uses carrier phase dynamic real-time. The differential (Real-time kinematic) method is a major milestone in GPS applications. Its emergence is the engineering lofting, topographic mapping, and various control measurements bring a new dawn, greatly improving the efficiency of field operations. High-precision GPS measurement must use carrier phase observation. RTK positioning technology is a real-time dynamic positioning technology based on carrier phase observation. It can provide three-dimensional positioning results of the station in the specified coordinate system in real time and achieve centimeter-level accuracy. In the RTK mode of operation, the base station transmits its observations and station coordinate information to the rover via the data link. The rover not only receives data from the base station through the data link, but also collects GPS observation data, and forms differential observations in the system for real-time processing, and gives centimeter-level positioning results, which lasts less than one second. The rover can be in a static state or in a moving state; it can be initialized before entering the dynamic work at a fixed point, or can be directly turned on under dynamic conditions, and the circumferential ambiguity search can be completed in a dynamic environment. After the full number of solutions are fixed over the weekend, real-time processing of each epoch can be performed. As long as the tracking of the phase observations of more than four satellites and the necessary geometry can be maintained, the rover can give centimeter-level positioning results at any time. The key to RTK technology lies in data processing technology and data transmission technology. RTK positioning requires the base station receiver to transmit observation data (pseudorange observation value, phase observation value) and known data to the rover receiver in real time. Large, generally requires a baud rate of 9600, which is not difficult to achieve on the radio. 8. How to apply RTK technology 1. Various control and measurement Traditional geodetic and engineering control measurements are carried out by using triangulation and wire mesh methods. It is not only time-consuming, requires inter-point visibility, and uneven distribution of accuracy, and it does not know the accuracy in the field. GPS static measurement, fast static, pseudo-dynamic method, in the field measurement process can not know the positioning accuracy in real time, if the measurement is completed, after returning to the internal processing, the accuracy is not met, and must be returned to the test, and RTK is used. Control measurement, can know the positioning accuracy in real time, if the point accuracy requirements are met, the user can stop the observation, and know the quality of the observation, which can greatly improve the work efficiency. If RTK is used for road control measurement, electronic circuit control measurement, hydraulic engineering control measurement, geodetic measurement, it can not only greatly reduce manpower, save costs, but also greatly improve work efficiency, measuring a control point in minutes or even seconds. It can be done in the clock. 2. Topographic maps In the past, topographic maps were first established in the survey area. Then, the total station or theodolite was used on the map control point to match the small flat map. Now it is developed into the field total station and electronics. Handbooks with geodetic codes, large-scale mapping software for mapping, and even the development of recent field electronic flat mapping, etc., require the measurement of surrounding terrain and other broken points on the station. The broken parts are all in line with the station, and generally require at least 2-3 people to operate. If the accuracy is not met in the puzzle, the field will be returned to the test. Now when using the RTK, only one person is required to carry the instrument. The topographical features of the topographical terrain are kept for one or two seconds, and the feature code is input at the same time. The accuracy of the point can be known in real time through the handbook. After the area is measured, it can be returned to the room, and the professional software interface can output the required requirements. Topographic map, so RTK only needs one person to operate, does not require point-to-point communication, greatly improves work efficiency, and can use RTK with electronic handbook to measure various topographic maps, such as common maps and railway lines. 3. Stakeout Stakeout is a measurement application branch. It requires a certain method to use a certain instrument to calibrate the artificially designed points in the field. In the past, there were many conventional lofting methods, such as theodolite rendezvous and lofting, and the corner of the total station was staked out. Wait, when you want to stake out a design point, you often need to move the target back and forth, and it needs 2-3 people to operate. At the same time, it also requires good inter-point visibility in the lofting process, and the efficiency is not very high in production applications. Sometimes, in the case of difficulty in stakeout, there are many ways to stake out. If you use RTK technology to stake out, you only need to input the designed point coordinates into the electronic handbook, carrying the GPS receiver, it will remind you to go. It is quick and convenient to locate the point to be staked out. Since the GPS is directly staked out by coordinates, and the accuracy is very high and uniform, the efficiency in the field lofting is greatly improved, and only one person operates. 9. What is navigation? Navigation is a general term for a technical category, a means of directing aircraft, ships, vehicles, and individuals (collectively referred to as carriers) to safely and accurately follow a selected route and arrive at a destination on time. The basic function of navigation is to answer: Where am I now? Where am I going? how to go? Land-based navigation system: The navigation platform is located on land, and the navigation platform and the navigation device are connected by radio waves. Star-based navigation system: The navigation platform is set on the artificial satellite to expand the coverage. Navigation is an indispensable information technology for human beings engaged in political, economic and military activities. Today, with the development of human activities, the requirements for navigation are getting higher and higher.
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