:2008-12-13 (revised draft) Fund Project: (Yunnan Province Transportation Pipeline. For the visual adaptation process from light to dark or from dark to bright, it is difficult for the driver to identify the target or object on the road surface and thus produce vision Psychological barriers affect driving safety. Highway tunnel lighting is to create a good working visual environment quality in the cave, ensuring that vehicles traveling during the day and night are safely approaching at the design speed, crossing the tunnel, and the tunnel lighting costs are the largest operating costs of the highway tunnel. Therefore, the design of safe, comfortable and economical energy-saving lighting technology is an important part of highway tunnel design. 12 31. In view of the actual engineering background of Fenghuangshan Tunnel, this paper proposes to adopt “high pressure sodium lamp + LD lamp in the inlet section and transition section”. "Combined lighting scheme, and verify the lighting mode through experiments. The experiment is based on the source separately to calculate the luminaire layout, and based on the calculation results, the experimental luminaire combination spacing and combination method are designed and studied.

2 sodium lamp and LED lamp technology combination features At present, most domestic highway tunnel lighting uses high pressure sodium lamps. High-pressure sodium has high light efficiency, long service life and high color temperature. It makes people feel comfortable during use. However, the output flux of high-pressure sodium lamp varies greatly with voltage fluctuation. Because the power grid of the highway tunnel is often unstable, the line is caused. The voltage fluctuations greatly exceed the international standards. In many areas, the fluctuations even exceed the rated voltage of 415%, especially in the latter half of the night. Due to the reduction of the electrical load, the grid voltage sometimes approaches 245V, causing the actual life of the high-pressure sodium lamp bulb to drop significantly. A large amount of power loss, frequent replacement of lamps and lanterns, the highway operating unit has to pay more for the lamps and their accessories, the maintenance and maintenance of lamps leads to an increase in human resources, strong lighting produces light pollution, and large-area lighting lamps generate heat. Radiation, etc., close to natural light, shortens the adaptation time of the driver when driving into the tunnel during the day, which is conducive to driving safety. In addition, due to its high color rendering index, the LED light has a significantly better visual effect than other types of lamps under the same test brightness conditions. Under the same visual effect, the brightness requirement can be appropriately reduced when using the LED lamp, and the K value can be appropriately reduced when the tunnel entrance section brightness is designed, thereby achieving the energy saving effect. The LED light source has low operating voltage, and the output luminous flux has little fluctuation with voltage. It does not require a ballast boosting device. It uses a dedicated constant current driving power supply circuit, and the efficiency can reach more than 90%, which effectively reduces the extra power consumption and saves energy. In any case, the LED tunnel light can reach the normal working brightness immediately after power-on, no brightness delay problem, and it is a light source that can be started and restarted instantaneously.

The light source of tunnel illumination should not only meet the main requirements of light efficiency, luminous flux, life and working characteristics, light color, color rendering and ease of control of light distribution in tunnel-specific environments, but also consider the energy saving of tunnels. Environmentally friendly and with good visibility in the smoke from the car's exhaust. Therefore, under normal circumstances, a sodium lamp with a good perspective in smoke should be used. If it is a tunnel with a small tunnel or a diesel vehicle, the smoke will be less, and a color-developing LED lamp can also be used. The lighting of the entrance and exit section of the tunnel has higher illumination requirements and more luminaire layout. Considering the high concentration of smoke at the entrance, it can combine different light sources to meet the requirements of tunnel lighting and improve the efficiency of tunnel lighting. The effect of lighting. In order to better utilize the advantages of the two light sources and at the same time minimize the operating costs of the tunnel, the concept of "combined lighting" was proposed. Combined lighting, that is, two or more light sources are used in the tunnel entrance and exit section and the transition section to reasonably adjust the spacing between different lamps to reasonably arrange the light distribution to meet the tunnel lighting requirements.

3 combinatorial lighting technology feasibility analysis color temperature, color rendering index, the relationship between the illuminance between different light sources, is 1+1 equal to 2 or less than 2 or greater than 2 This is the primary problem to be solved by the combined light source, research for this topic To establish a tunnel lighting laboratory, in order to understand the mutual influence between different light sources, three slide rails are respectively arranged on the two walls of the laboratory to facilitate the adjustment of the spacing between different lamps. The length of the slide rail is adjusted to 72 m according to the test arrangement. The spacing of the luminaires in the longitudinal section of the tunnel is slightly different depending on the lighting section. The test is adjusted according to the actual situation. Seven measuring points are arranged in the cross section of the tunnel. The lamps of different heights are arranged on the wall surface of the tunnel lighting laboratory, and the simulated lighting fixtures are installed at different heights in the tunnel.

In order to test the illuminance relationship between the high-pressure sodium lamp and the LED lamp, the lamp is arranged in the longitudinal section of the tunnel. See the test plan as follows: turn off the LED lamp, turn on the high-pressure sodium lamp, and test the illuminance value of the point at the same test point of the same test section; Turn on the LED lamp and sodium lamp, calculate the above test data in the same test section (4), analyze the LD lamp area (g) area (g) port solution /: lamp M 晷 5.3/7 base tt turn lamp 丨 1 Distance to the coffee program 7: The height of the luminaire arrangement is the same as the illumination point of the basic illumination segment with the moment between the lamps being 5V. The effect of the sodium lamp on the illumination of the same measuring point.

The tunnel lighting longitudinal section layout (lNa+iLED) is used to analyze the mutual influence between the two light sources. Two sets of experiments were performed on the LED lamp and the sodium lamp respectively. The height of the lamp arrangement was m from the test result analysis: although the LD lamp ten Nax The test value is not equal to the test value of the LED lamp and the sodium lamp at the same time in the absolute data, but it is reflected from the test comparison curve that it is too large in one part, and is small in another part, and there is no overall deviation. Big or small. Generally speaking, the sum of the test values ​​of the LED lamp and the sodium lamp is at the same level as the sodium lamp and the LED lamp at the same time, and the test error is excluded, and it can be considered that there is a linear additive relationship between the two. The test data of the fixtures with a height of 3. m is basically the same.

4Combined Lighting Technology Engineering Application 41 Project Overview Fenghuangshan Highway Tunnel is located in Xiangyun-Yujiang Highway on National Highway 214 in Yunnan Province. It starts from the National Highway 320 line Chuda Expressway Hongtupo Interchange and ends at National Highway 214 Xianglin (Xiangyun to Lin) The first phase of the Licheng Road is from the starting point of the Lujiang-Linyi section. It is the southwest throat section of National Highway 214. This section connects the Dali and Linyi areas from north to south and is the main channel leading to Simao and Xishuangbanna. Grade road standard, the roadbed width is 12m, the design speed is 40lm/h. The starting point of the Fenghuangshan tunnel is: K89+925K92+570 is 2645m. The Fenghuangshan tunnel is the control project of the line. According to the previous research, the phoenix The mountain tunnel lighting system is planned to use a combination of high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lights.

42 combined lighting indoor simulation test design The installation height of the luminaire is determined according to the test plan. Fixture installation height scheme 1: The luminaire is installed on the wall of the tunnel with a height of 53m; the installation height of the luminaire is two: the luminaire is installed on the wall surface of the height, see the common height of the tunnel luminaire at 5 3m, 3m Can meet the requirements of the specification and lighting technology (installation height (D + W / 3) tn ° D - the distance from the edge of the surface of the face; W - the width of the face) but less practical application.

The Fenghuangshan Tunnel is a two-way traffic tunnel, and the traffic volume of the upper and lower tunnels is not much different. The half length of the tunnel can be analyzed for calculation. For the two installation height schemes, the utilization factor method is used to calculate the lamp spacing, and in order to make the spacing of the lamps easy to arrange, the spacing of the lamps is adjusted accordingly. The combination of lamps is a high-pressure sodium lamp and ten LD lamps. According to the actual situation, it can be combined into a combination of 1 sodium lamp + 1 LED lamp, 1 sodium lamp + 2 LED lamp, 2 sodium lamp + 1LD lamp, 2 sodium lamp + 2IED lamp, etc. Four of these combinations were used to create experimental protocols. Take the combination scheme 1 sodium lamp ten 1LD lamp as an example (limited to other combinations in the text). The inlet section scheme layout diagram and the transition section scheme layout diagram as shown in Table 1. The combination scheme 1Na+1LED scheme basic illumination entrance section reinforced illumination transition section 1 Strengthen the lighting transition section 2 Strengthen the lighting scheme 1 (lamp height 5 scheme 2 (lamp height 3m) adopt LED light source (60W) spacing 8m adjacent two sodium lamps (250W) spacing can be taken 3m led (120W) lamp is equidistantly installed in phase The spacing between two adjacent sodium lamps (100W) between adjacent two sodium lamps is between the adjacent two sodium lamps (70W) installed between adjacent two sodium lamps. The distance between the two sodium lamps (70W) can be 16mLED (60W), and the lamp is installed equidistant between adjacent two sodium lamps. 2) Question 5 respectively, respectively, the different combinations of c and ffclblishing 43 combined lighting simulation test results analysis, taking one of the sections as an example, analyzing and comparing the cross-section illumination of the tunnel, since the actual lighting only turns on the lamps on the right wall, the lamps are pressed Symmetrical arrangement, so after measuring the illuminance values ​​of 1, 2, 3 4567 measuring points on one side of the light, after using mirror superposition, the middle measuring point number 1 (1 point test value), measuring point number 2 = 2 point test value) + (5 point test value) measuring point number 3 = (3 point test value) + (6 point test value), measuring point number 4 = (4 point test value) + (7 point test value) The value of point number 567 is the same as the value of the measuring point number 2, 34 (the test data table is omitted).

Through the combination of the inlet section and the transition section, the 16 test schemes of the two installation heights are analyzed: (1) the advantages of the combined light source combined with the two light sources, and the influence of the two is small, the experiment proves that they can be in the same It is used in tunnels; it not only reflects the advantages of mutual coordination between cold and warm, but also saves energy in the tunnel reinforced section lighting, which has practical significance.

Experiments, respectively, the inlet section, the transition section to the 1Nai+1LED side 16 group test, the results show that in the combined light source, the inlet section uses 1Nai+1LED best effect, the transition section uses 1Nai+2LED effect is better, according to the research group recommendations, The Phoenix Mountain Tunnel uses the above combined lighting scheme.

The entrance and transition sections of the tunnel are combined with cold and warm light sources, and the light is soft, which enhances the adaptability of the driver's entrance. At the same time, a new idea is proposed for the single cold color light source to solve the problem of the light transmittance of the tunnel entrance.

There are fewer lamps in the middle section of the tunnel, and the combined effect is not obvious. The basic sections all use LED lights. From the power analysis of the lamps, the combined light source of the tunnel is much more than 50% energy saving than the pure sodium lamp, which is conducive to energy saving and environmental protection of the tunnel.

4 Application evaluation The Phoenix Mountain Tunnel adopts the recommended scheme in the simulation test. The installation height of the luminaire adopts the 3m height scheme. From the actual effect of the scene, the interaction between the LED white light and the high-pressure sodium lamp yellow light makes the tunnel entrance section soft. The visibility of the tunnel exit (high fog concentration) and the illuminance of the road surface meet the design requirements (test data are shown elsewhere). The middle section of the tunnel uses pure LD lamps, and its total uniformity and longitudinal uniformity meet the design requirements. From the perspective of daily operating costs, the cost of electricity for combined lighting is much lower than that of the original high-pressure sodium lamps, and the energy-saving advantages are obvious.

5 Conclusion The photoelectric lighting of the expressway tunnel caused an energy shortage and increased operating costs. The high-pressure sodium lamp and LED lamp combination lighting technology proposed in this paper attempts to solve the problem of lighting cost and energy shortage. The combination of high-pressure sodium lamp and LD lamp is used in tunnel reinforcement section illumination to better solve the influence of cold and hot light source on the tunnel entrance section. At the same time, it meets the requirements of tunnel lighting; the use of LED lights in the middle section effectively reduces the operating cost of the tunnel and makes the entire tunnel meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection. The combination lighting of Fenghuangshan Tunnel is the first in China, and its application effect needs further testing.

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