Since the advent of the MCU in the 1970s, it has received great attention and attention from people with extremely high cost performance, so it is widely used and is developing rapidly. The advantages of the single-chip microcomputer are small size, light weight, strong anti-interference ability, low environmental requirements, low price, high reliability, good flexibility, and easy development. After learning the knowledge about single-chip microcomputers, the vast number of engineering and technical personnel can also rely on their own strength to develop the desired single-chip system, and obtain higher economic benefits. Because of this, in China, MCU has been widely used in industrial automation control, automatic detection, smart meters, household appliances and other aspects. In modern industrial control and some intelligent instrumentation, more and more places need to display Chinese characters with a dot matrix display. Chinese character display mode is to first extract Chinese character lattice (such as 16&TImes; 16 dot matrix) according to the required Chinese characters, and store the dot matrix file in ROM to form a new Chinese character encoding; in use, it needs to be composed according to the new Chinese character encoding. The statement, and then the MCU extracts the corresponding dot matrix according to the new code for Chinese character display. LED light-emitting lamps can be divided into various types such as single-color light, two-color light, three-color light, surface light, flash light, and voltage light. According to the intensity of the light, it can be divided into ordinary brightness light, high brightness light, ultra high brightness light and so on. Such a single illuminating lamp is suitable for use as an indicator light, such as a power indicator, a circuit status indicator, and thus indicates various physical quantities that can be converted into electrical signals. It is also possible to use a plurality of LED lights to form a fixed character or graphic for display, such as the entrance and exit of a large theater hall and the display of the bathroom. Like many application terms, the LED graphic display does not have a well-established strict definition. The LED display that displays graphics and/or text is generally referred to as a graphic screen. The graphic referred to herein refers to an arbitrary graphic composed of a single luminance line, so as to distinguish images composed of different luminance (grayscale) lattices. The main feature of the graphic display screen is that it only controls the on/off (lighting or extinction) of each light-emitting device in the LED dot matrix, and does not control the light-emitting intensity of the LED. The appearance of the LED graphic display screen can be made into a strip shape, which is called a strip-shaped graphic display screen (referred to as a strip screen), and can also be made into a rectangular plan view display screen according to a certain height ratio. In fact, the strip screen is just a flat screen whose width is much larger than the height. There is no difference in the principle of display and control. Regardless of whether the graphic or the text is displayed, it is controlled to illuminate the LED device corresponding to the position of each point constituting the graphic or text. Usually, the graphic characters to be displayed are converted into dot patterns in advance, and the display data is formed in a certain format in accordance with the requirements of the display control. For a graphic display screen that only controls on-off, each LED light-emitting device occupies 1 bit (1 bit) in the data, and the corresponding bit in the data requiring the LED device to emit light is filled in 1, otherwise 0 is filled. Of course, depending on the arrangement of the control circuit, the opposite definition is equally feasible. In this way, according to the graphic text to be displayed, the display data can be filled in by the rows and columns of the display screen, and a display data file can be constructed. The data file that displays the graphic is relatively free in format, as long as it can meet the requirements of display control. The dot matrix format of the text is relatively standardized, and the font font of the current computer can be used. The dot matrix that makes up a word can also have different sizes such as 16 & TImes; 16, 24 & TImes; 24, 32 & TImes; 32, 48 × 48. The use of dot matrix to form graphics or text is very flexible and can be combined and changed as needed. As long as the appropriate data files are designed, satisfactory display results can be obtained. Therefore, it is very effective to use a dot matrix graphic display to display information that often needs to be changed. The color of the graphic display has several colors: monochrome, two-color, and multi-color. The most common is the monochrome text screen. Monochrome screens use red or orange or orange LED dot matrix units. A two-color graphic screen and a multi-color graphic screen are arranged with two or more LED light-emitting devices of different colors on each "point" of the LED dot matrix. In other words, each color has its own display matrix. When displayed, the display lattice of each color is controlled separately. The display data of various colors is designed in advance, and the display is separately sent to the respective display dot matrix to achieve the desired effect. The control method of each color is exactly the same as that of monochrome, so the principle of monochrome graphic display is mastered. The two-color screen and multi-color screen are not difficult to understand. In order to attract viewers to enhance the display, there are a variety of display modes. The simplest display mode is static display. The "static display mode" mentioned here is different from the static drive mode. Corresponding to the static display mode, there are various dynamic display modes, and the images displayed by them are all movable. According to the characteristics of the graphic motion, it can be divided into various display modes such as blinking, panning, rotating, and zooming. The method of generating different display modes does not mean that the display data must be rewritten, and can be directly generated from the original display data by a certain algorithm. For example, adjusting the line number in order can make the display text appear up and down translation; while sequentially adjusting the position of the column display data, the purpose of left and right translation can be achieved; and the order of the rows and columns can be adjusted to obtain the effect of diagonal translation. The data refresh of other modes can also find the corresponding algorithm. However, when the algorithm is too complicated and too time consuming, it is also conceivable to generate refresh data in advance and store the spare. The refresh time control should consider the display effect of the motion graphic text. The refresh is too slow, the motion is not significant; the refresh is too fast, and the middle process is not clear. The general refresh period can be controlled within a few tens of milliseconds. Since the control circuit of the graphic screen adopts the single-chip microcomputer scheme, the realization of the control function should be compromised in both hardware and software. The MCU and the corresponding software are mainly responsible for storing (or generating) display data, scheduling the timing and sequence of the control signals, and communicating with the host computer. However, the number of interfaces of the single-chip microcomputer is small, the driving capability is not strong, and a certain hardware circuit must be expanded to meet the needs of the display screen. The hardware circuit can be roughly divided into three parts: the hardware of the microcomputer itself, the display drive circuit, and the control signal circuit. The control circuit section includes a 51CUP and some peripheral circuits. This control is used throughout the circuit The road part is equivalent to a host computer, which is responsible for controlling the operation of the entire circuit and the corresponding program, serial communication with the PC, and sending commands to the screen circuit portion. The intelligent display body circuit part includes a 51CPU and some peripheral circuits, a MAX232 interface circuit for communication, a structure with an 8-bit serial-in parallel shift register and an 8it output latch, and a shift register. The control of the output latches is independent of each other. There are also 74LS165, dot matrix display body, and its various drive circuits for rows and columns. Since the two parts of the circuit can be put together when the board is made, the font can be placed in the control circuit part to use the serial communication method to transmit data and commands to the screen circuit part. When the display circuit is displayed by scanning, there is one row driver per line, and the same name column of each row. Share a column driver. The row strobe signal given by the row decoder, starting from the first row, sequentially scans each row in sequence (turning the row on with one end of the power supply). On the other hand, based on the data latched by each column, it is determined whether the corresponding column driver is connected to the other end of the power source. The column that is turned on ignites the corresponding LED in the row of the row; the LED corresponding to the column that is not turned on is extinguished. When the scan duration of a line ends, the next line is displayed in the same way. After all the lines have been swept through (one scan cycle), the next cycle is scanned from the first line. As long as the time of one scan cycle is shorter than the pause time of 1/25 second of the human eye, it is not easy to feel flicker. The schematic of the line scan driver circuit is as follows: The column display data is stored in units of bytes and is read out in parallel with 8 bits in use. In order to adapt to the need for serial input of the column display driver circuit, parallel and serial conversion is performed. This can be met by using the 74LS165 to remove the shift register. When the signal PL* is low, 8 bit parallel data is entered. The PL* signal is provided by the control port INT1 of the microcontroller. When PL* is high, it can be shifted by CLK1. After shifting, the highest bit is shifted out from Q7 and becomes a serial data stream. The shift clock signal CLK1 of 74LSl65 is directly outputted by the T1 terminal of the MCU control port. In order to synchronize the shift signal of the column display driving circuit with the serial data outputted by the 74LS165Q7 terminal, T1 also serves as a shift pulse source for the column display driving circuit. The application of LED dot matrix is ​​very wide, and there are various application methods for different application environments and application requirements. Commonly used applications are group display applications, infrared remote control applications, and wireless remote control applications. Using the single-chip control design scheme of this paper, it is convenient, simple and effective to control and design for the above various applications.
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