[Home Theater Network HDAV.com.cn] 1 Equalizer: EQ (Equalizer) The equalizer is an electronic device that can separately adjust the amount of electrical signal amplification of various frequency components. By adjusting the audio signals of different frequencies to compensate for the defects of the speaker and the sound field, compensating and modifying various sound sources and other special effects, generally The equalizer on the mixer can only adjust the high-frequency, medium-frequency and low-frequency three-segment frequency electrical signals separately, which can only be coarsely adjusted. It can not meet the requirements when it is used as room equalization processing or balancing system curves, and the independent professional equalizer The audio signal of 20hz-20khz is divided into 15 segments or 31 segments, which makes it more accurate and easier to make the system frequency response curve flat; it can also freely attenuate unnecessary frequencies; The main system can also suppress howling by a certain amount of attenuation of the howling frequency. In addition, the equalizer is also divided into graphic equalization and parametric equalization, and a graphic equalizer is generally used in the peripheral system of the mixer. 2 effect Unprocessed music gives a feeling of insufficiency. The effects are dedicated to producing electronic instruments with various effects. Its role is to change the waveform of the original sound, modulate or delay the phase of the sound wave, enhance the chopping component of the sound wave, and other measures to produce a variety of special sound effects. In addition to the conference-like voice reinforcement, many vocals and instruments use the effects. When the singer sings with a certain reverberation, the sound becomes full, wide, and long-lasting, without reverberation, it sounds like Monotonous, straightforward. Many instruments, such as electric guitars, bass, electronic drums, etc., can also produce different styles of sound effects through the effects. These types of effects include: Distortion, Compressor, Phaser, Chorus, OverDrive, Flanger, WAH, Delay effect, etc.). 3 exciter Exciter A harmonic generator that uses human psychoacoustic characteristics to modify and beautify sound signals. By adding various methods such as adding high-frequency harmonic components to the sound, it is possible to improve the sound quality, the timbre, and the penetration of the sound, and to increase the spatial sense of the sound. Most exciters not only create high-frequency harmonics, but also features low-frequency extensions and musical styles to make the bass sound deeper, more powerful, fuller and more cumbersome. High frequency excitation improves sound clarity, intelligibility and expressiveness. Make the sound more pleasant, reduce the listening fatigue and increase the loudness. Although the exciter only adds about 0.5dB of harmonic content to the sound, it actually sounds like the volume has increased by about 10dB. The acoustical loudness of the sound is significantly increased, the stereoscopic effect of the sound image, and the degree of separation of the sound are increased; the positioning and layering of the sound are improved. The adjustment of the exciter requires the sound engineer to judge the sound quality and tone of the system, and then adjust according to the subjective listening evaluation. Incentives are actually a kind of distortion. Poor control can make the sound more rough and scattered, and even increase the damage rate of the speaker tweeter. For high fidelity reduction of sound quality, most traditional expansion systems do not require an exciter. 4 pressure limiter It is an abbreviation for compression and limiter. Generally speaking, the compressor and the limiter are combined together, and there is a limit function when there is a compression function. Compressor: A processing device that reduces its gain as the input signal level increases. Limiter: A processing device whose maximum output level remains constant regardless of how the input level increases after the output level reaches a certain amplitude. This maximum output level can be adjusted as needed. The use of a compressor has the following effects: 1 noise gate Since large sound reinforcement systems often have access to many processing equipment, microphones, and a large number of long cables, this can easily lead to significant background noise, especially in quiet conditions (songs stop, no one speaks), noise may It will be obvious that a threshold value is set on the input signal through the noise gate on the compressor to automatically “close the door†when no one speaks or no instrument is playing, and the door can be automatically “opened†when someone speaks or the instrument starts playing. "So, you won't hear the obvious background noise." 2 security protection The function of the safety valve, the sound system may be improperly operated (the volume control of the device is too large or the power voltage shock occurs due to improper operation such as power on, power off, conversion, etc.), the signal is unstable (the difference in the sound size of different singers or the microphone and Excessive signal levels due to unexpected changes in the mouth (or a sudden drop in the mouth or a whistle caused by strong acoustic feedback) can cause severe overload distortion on the system and even damage the speaker or power amplifier. After the compressor is connected, the whole system is protected by its compression and restriction functions. This is the main purpose of the wide configuration of the compressor in the theater and dance hall. 3 improve the loudness Compressing and limiting the dynamic range of the program can suppress strong signals and boost weak signals. Since the sound intensity perceived by the human ear is the average sound level for a certain period of time, in the programs with lower average sound levels, some of the high-level peak signals that occasionally appear may not sound as high as such peaks. But the program with a higher average sound pressure level is louder. 4 using a compressor to create a special sound effect With a very short start-up time and a long release time, you can create a special sound effect similar to "reverse sound", especially for some percussion instruments. The fast start causes the signal level to be immediately compressed, and when the signal is naturally attenuated, the release time adjustment increases its gain to reduce the degree of natural attenuation. This effect is very significant for drums and other percussion instruments. 5 feedback suppressor Feedback Exterminator In the sound reinforcement system, if the microphone volume is greatly increased, the sound from the speaker will be transmitted to the microphone to cause howling, which is the acoustic feedback. Sound feedback not only destroys the sound quality and the atmosphere, but excessive sound feedback can also make the system signal too strong, thus burning the amplifier or the speaker (generally burning the speaker's tweeter). Before the emergence of feedback suppressors, sounders often used equalizer pull points (attenuated feedback frequencies) to suppress acoustic feedback. The reason why the sound reinforcement system produces acoustic feedback is mainly because the sound of some frequencies is too strong. Attenuating these excessive frequencies can solve this problem. However, using the equalizer pull-down can produce the following insurmountable deficiencies: The sound level of the sound engineer is extremely high. After the feedback, the sound engineer must judge the feedback frequency and degree in a timely and accurate manner, and immediately attenuate the frequency of the equalizer accurately. This is not rich in experience. It is difficult for the sound engineer to do it. The second is to have a certain impact on the playback quality. The existing 31-band equalizer has a bandwidth of 1/3 octave, and some of the acoustic feedback needs to be attenuated. The bandwidth is sometimes far less than 1/3 octave. In this case, many useful frequency components are removed. Off, causing irreparable damage to these frequency sounds. Third, it is possible to burn equipment during the adjustment process. It takes a certain time to judge the howling frequency with the human ear. If this time is too long, the device will be damaged due to the strong signal state for a long time. The feedback suppressor can completely solve the above problem. The feedback suppressor automatically detects the feedback frequency and accurately attenuates the feedback frequency. Some feedback suppressors can also perform frequency shifting and phase shift processing on the feedback frequency point as needed. Feedback suppression is better. This kind of processing can effectively eliminate the feedback without significantly affecting the playback quality, so its superiority is obvious. 6 electronic crossover The device that divides the audio weak signal is located in front of the power amplifier. After dividing the frequency, each independent audio amplifier is used to amplify each audio frequency band signal and then sent to the corresponding speaker unit. Adjustment is easier, reducing power loss, and interference between speaker units. The signal loss is small and the sound quality is good. However, this method uses a separate power amplifier for each path, which has high cost and complicated circuit structure. In particular, systems with independent subwoofers must use an electronic crossover to separate the signal from the subwoofer signal and send it to the subwoofer amplifier. In addition, there is a device called digital audio processor on the market. One device can also complete functions such as equalizer, voltage limiter, frequency divider and delay device. The analog signal output from the analog mixer is input to the processor. In the future, it is converted into a digital signal by the AD conversion device, and then converted into an analog signal by the DA converter and sent to the power amplifier. Due to the digital processing, the adjustment is more accurate and the noise figure is lower, except for the independent equalization and pressure limit. In addition to the functions that the device, the frequency divider, and the delay device satisfy, digital input gain control and phase control are added, and the function is more powerful. More fresh and fun home theater information, please pay attention to home theater network http:// (WeChat: cnhifi), the country's most influential home theater audio player interactive media website. Note: This article is transferred from HIFI. The article is an independent view of the author and does not represent the position of the home theater network.
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