At present, 4G technology has been commercialized on a large scale worldwide, and the 5G mobile communication technology 5G for 2020 and beyond has become the focus of international communication. The mobile Internet is reshaping the industry. Users' requirements for the network are faster, more convenient, and more powerful. While promoting the rapid advancement of mobile communication technology, the pace of updating the communication technology system is becoming more and more compact. Upper leader In June of this year, the ITU completed an important milestone for 5G and determined the name, vision and timetable of the 5G. According to the ITU's plan for 2020, 5G will be fully integrated into the 5G. Compared with the 3G and 4G development process, the 5G plan is almost the speed of the rocket. “The industry’s discussion of 5G is rampant. The focus now is on building a seamlessly connected society by 2020, and then bringing together people, things, data, applications, transportation systems and cities in an intelligent, networked communications environment. "The ITU Secretary General Zhao Houlin said. It is understood that a new round of competition has begun on a global scale. Countries around the world and various international standardization organizations have seen the urgency of developing 5G, and have launched their own research support programs, and invested a lot of research and development. The European Union launched a plan for 5G R&D in 2013, and officially announced the 5G public-private partnership vision this year; the Japan Industrial Radio Wave Society announced the 5G white paper at the end of 2014; South Korea established the 5G Technology Forum to propose a 5G trial run in 2017. The goal of 5G commercial process will be carried out in 2020; at the same time, mainstream international standards organizations such as ITU and 3GPPP have already defined the working schedule of 5G, and started the development of 5G international standards or preparations for the development of international standards in phases this year. "With the joint efforts of the global industry, the concept of 5G has gradually become clear, and the vision and characteristics of 5G have gradually reached a consensus. The research and development of 5G key technologies has already begun to bear fruit. The next five years will be the key period for the development of global 5G technology. R&D, standard setting, and industrial development will gradually accelerate.†Vice Minister of Science and Technology Cao Jianlin said recently. Can the active promotion of the industrial chain guarantee the smooth realization of the 2020 vision? Some experts in the industry believe that the theoretical research on 5G in the industry has just culminated in a five-year period to realize a technology that is considered “subversive†by the industry, recognized by the International Telecommunication Union, and reached the level of global promotion. not easy. Time is tight, task is heavy, how to break? Diversify rather than stand alone At present, in the global discussion on 5G demand and vision, ultra-reliability, ultra-large scale, ultra-high density and ultra-wireless connection are the most important keywords, and several technical routes and network architectures have also been clarified. The main direction is to achieve a higher consensus. In the future, 5G will meet the diverse business needs of people in various areas such as residence, work, leisure and transportation, even in dense residential areas, offices, stadiums, open air gatherings, subways, expressways, high-speed rail and wide-area coverage. High traffic density, ultra-high connection density, and ultra-high mobility features can also provide users with ultra-high-definition video, virtual reality, augmented reality, cloud desktop, online games and other extreme business experiences. At the same time, 5G will penetrate into the Internet of Things and various industries, and integrate with industrial facilities, medical instruments, and transportation to effectively meet the diversified business needs of vertical industries such as industry, medical care, and transportation, and achieve real “ The network is at your fingertips." Facing different scenarios and providing high-speed and convenient communication, 5G has become a key technology to disrupt the industry and life, which further clarifies that 5G is more prominent in the user-centric network. 5G will solve the challenges brought by differentiated performance indicators in diverse application scenarios. The performance challenges faced by different application scenarios are different. User experience rate, traffic density, delay, energy efficiency, and number of connections may become challenges in different scenarios. index. Yi Zhiling, chief scientist of China Mobile Research Institute, said: "From the 1G to 4G development stage, there will always be a leader in technology. This technology is gradually becoming a big one, but in the 5G system, there will be no one. In the case, there will be more diverse KPIs." Technical route tends to evolve again Innovation or evolution? The choice of 5G in the overall technical route has been the biggest difference. The industry generally believes that the 4G evolution air interface can meet the needs of the mobile Internet to a certain extent, and the new wireless air interface focuses on solving the problems of various scenarios of the Internet of Things. According to the evolution-oriented view, the 5G high frequency band and the new air interface focus on solving the problem of the Internet of Things. In the low frequency band, LTE evolution technology is mainly used to meet the needs of the mobile Internet, and no new air interface is needed in the low frequency band. The innovation-based view holds that 5G wireless technology has a large space for innovation. The low-frequency and high-frequency bands adopt a unified new air interface technology framework, which is adjusted according to frequency bands and scenes to form two different technical solutions, low frequency and high frequency. To meet the technical needs of various scenarios of mobile Internet and Internet of Things. Therefore, there is considerable controversy on the combination of the focus and application range of the 5G wireless air interface and the 4G evolution air interface and the combination of the low frequency band and the high frequency band. Now many opinions in the industry have come up. As mentioned above, between the climax of 5G research and the boom in mass production and market entry, I am afraid that it will only be two or three years according to the planned time. According to the status quo of communication technology development, there will be great challenges in the emergence of revolutionary air interface technology in the next few years. 5G technology should be a new combination of existing technologies, and 4G LTE is a long-term evolution technology. Therefore, 5G is 4G technology. Re-evolution. For the key technologies supporting 5G wireless technology, there has been a relative consensus at home and abroad. For example, China's IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group proposed "large-scale antenna, new multi-access, dense networking, full-band technology + new network The key technology of "4+1" including architecture. In terms of network architecture, 5G is the beginning of the Internet of Everything. The industry generally believes that it is necessary to implement a new network architecture based on SDN/NFV platform technology, especially how to solve the problem of diverse scenarios such as the Internet of Things, and introduce a slice network of SDN/NFV concept. To meet the bandwidth and delay requirements of different scenarios. Thereby achieving the "agility" of 5G from the core network to the access network and each network element in the air interface part. Frequency enhancement planning management The birth and development of any technology should first consider whether there is sufficient radio spectrum resources to support development. The frequency is a topic that cannot be avoided by 5G, and it is also the key to determine its success or failure. "In the face of the good vision proposed by 5G, we must consider the coverage capacity, performance and connectivity issues. Therefore, we must carry out high and low frequency bandwidth matching in frequency planning and assignment." Director of Frequency Planning Division, Radio Management Bureau, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Li Hengshuai said in an interview. With the development of 5G technology, higher requirements are placed on the use of frequency. For the 5G large-flow, high-density demand, there must be more than 300MHz continuous spectrum as support. China believes that it is best to find a suitable spectrum in the 4GHz to 6GHz frequency band, and carry out frequency planning research work in the frequency band above 6GHz. Up to now, China has planned a total of 687 megahertz for mobile communication systems to carry 2G, 3G, 4G networks. "With the development of 5G, we will continue to plan new frequencies for 5G in the future." Li Hengshuai introduced. He further revealed that "in the frequency band above 6 GHz, we have reserved 22 GHz, 71 GHz, 81 GHz and other frequency bands for future research." At the same time, in the face of increasing frequency and increasing demand, in order to improve the efficiency of spectrum use. In the radio management, a dynamic frequency sharing mechanism will be introduced to finely manage the frequency. At the same time, the exploration of frequency marketization and the introduction of audit evaluation mechanisms will gradually be introduced and exert greater value. Form a global consensus The 5G network proposed by the ITU has been standardized globally and will be internationally recognized. The ITU completed the 5G target statement and stated that the next step will be to gradually define the technical performance requirements of 5G from the beginning of 2016, taking into account the needs of various scenarios and usages in the future, and then stipulate the evaluation criteria for the inclusion of candidate wireless interface technologies. In China, the Ministry of Science and Technology established the future special focus of mobile communication technology in 2013, and organized an expert system to plan the research and development of China's mobile communication technology. The special work is aimed at the mobile communication application needs in 2020, and will be organized and implemented in three phases. The 5G vision breaks through key technologies such as network architecture, wireless networking, wireless transmission, and new spectrum development and utilization, laying the foundation for promoting international 5G technology and standards research. Cao Jianlin said that in the "863 Program", the 5G mobile communication and system advanced research major project has been launched in two phases, with a total investment of 250 million yuan. The major technology special project of the new generation broadband wireless mobile communication network will also deploy 5G from this year. Technology and standard development. At present, the relevant international standardization organizations have initially clarified the development of officially launched standards in 2016. Some countries have already proposed a timetable for 5G commercial use, and China has also proposed the goal of launching 5G network commercialization in 2020. Immediately, 5G research will move from concept research to a new phase of basic research. Zhang Feng, chief engineer of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out: "In the future, the 5G application scenario will expand from the mobile Internet to the Internet of Things, requiring a new network architecture and object interface to meet the needs of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, and provide protection for diverse application scenarios. This is not only a huge technical challenge, but also a huge space for innovation. Therefore, to further strengthen international cooperation, we should focus on strengthening cooperation on 5G standards and frequencies, and jointly promote the formation of a globally unified 5G standard, in the 5G communication system, The vision of the network, as well as in-depth exchanges in areas such as demand research, key technology research and development, global standardization and spectrum separation, to strengthen international cooperation and promote the establishment of 5G global consensus.
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