UAV monitoring system fills technical blind spots to help upgrade atmospheric monitoring accuracy

The Trace Gas Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with a number of organizations to successfully conduct experiments on atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring systems for UAVs. This monitoring system fills in blind areas for atmospheric environmental monitoring and research, and improves the accuracy of monitoring, which meets the current urgent need for scientific research on air pollution.

UAV monitoring system fills technical blind spots to help upgrade atmospheric monitoring accuracy

Accompanied by a "starting landing" directive, at the rural environmental research station in Hebei Province, the newly developed drone atmosphere stereoscopic monitoring equipment has successfully landed after completing pollutant monitoring and data transmission tasks.

In mid-December, the Trace Oxygen Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group of the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with a number of organizations to successfully conduct experiments on atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring systems for UAVs. According to project leader Zhang Chenglong, this monitoring system combines the low-power, high-volume particulate sampling technology, multi-channel vacuum gas sampling technology and unmanned aerial vehicle technology for the first time, which meets the current urgent need for all-round fine-scale monitoring of atmospheric pollution science. .

Filling the atmospheric environment monitoring and research blind spot

In the troposphere, atmospheric pollutants diffuse vertically upward or horizontally from the ground, and solar radiation, which is an important driving force for atmospheric chemical reactions, is transmitted from top to bottom. Therefore, Zhang Chenglong believes that atmospheric environmental chemistry research can not only focus on near-surface pollution, but also pay attention to atmospheric structure and composition changes within a certain range of height (especially the boundary layer), otherwise it is difficult to fully reveal the actual atmospheric chemical reaction process in the troposphere.

Prior to this, a variety of atmospheric vertical monitoring methods have been applied, such as atmospheric boundary layer towers, manned aircraft, balloons, and gas boats. However, the boundary layer tower has a fixed position, usually 300 meters below the height, and it is mostly built in urban areas; some planes can only fly at heights of several hundred meters or more; balloons or gas boats have poor wind resistance and mobility, and need to be filled with a large number of defects. Gas, high cost of single operation. These methods have been unable to meet the needs of the atmospheric pollution research in the new period.

"The maneuverability and flexibility of drones can effectively compensate for these deficiencies and make it easier to get to places that are not easily accessible, making air monitoring truly dynamic and three-dimensional." said Zhang Chenglong, "The rural areas are different from cities." In the region, its underlying surface is mostly farmland and low-lying villages, and atmospheric pollutants are in the lower atmosphere, which is precisely the height at which drones are suitable for flying and collecting samples.”

The UAV atmospheric three-dimensional monitoring system provides an important tool for the in-depth study of atmospheric atmospheric pollution in rural areas, and also provides basic data for regional atmospheric oxidation, atmospheric photochemical processes, and secondary particle formation.

Accurate atmospheric research tools

The reporter learned that before the successful experiment of the UAV atmospheric monitoring system in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a few drone products on the market have been used in environmental monitoring and cooperation with government environmental enforcement activities. In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the provision of unmanned aerial vehicles for the unmanned aerial monitoring system of Huayi Tianji Technology Co., Ltd. said: "The UAV equipment on the market is not only used for environmental protection, but also used for electricity, firefighting, etc. It is not professional, but it is equipped with several kinds of air sensors and it is far from being able to solve the monitoring needs of diversification and precision of the atmosphere."

To this end, Zhang Chenglong led the team to make a series of efforts to improve the system's precision.

In the sensor selection phase, the R&D team found Pang Xiaobing, a professor at Nanjing University of Information and Technology, who had made a long-term comparison of sensor accuracy. Pang Xiaobing told the "China Science Journal" reporter that atmospheric sensors are subject to atmospheric temperature, humidity, other coexisting components, and electrical signal noise. Therefore, the influence of the above factors on the accuracy of the sensors must be reduced through various techniques.

In the end, they identified low-power, high-volume particulate samplers, multi-channel vacuum gas samplers, and sensors that have strong anti-jamming capabilities and can extract accurate information from actual atmospheric gases. The sensor can record and transmit 10 kinds of parameters at one time, including particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10 and other conventional pollutant parameters. In addition, the sampling equipment is calibrated with the data of the ground standard station before the drone is lifted; after the drone is lifted, it is also required to ensure that the volume of the sampler and the endurance capacity of the well-designed sample are all satisfied in advance. Control, GPS three-dimensional fixed-point hover, and the requirement to collect enough atmospheric samples.

The three-dimensional monitoring system captures key technologies such as low-power, high-volume particulate sampling and multi-channel vacuum gas sampling to achieve three-dimensional fixed-point sampling of atmospheric particulate, gas, and liquid samples, providing accurate and accurate three-dimensional diagnosis of atmospheric pollution. Important technical support.

From scratch research "business"

According to Zhang Chenglong, the successful experiment of UAV's atmospheric monitoring system was a “start-up” of scientific research from scratch. Without adequate funding sources, companies involved in the development and supply of sensors, samplers, and drones did not ask him for any fees, but they worked toward a common goal.

This "Dream Team" temporarily constructed by personnel from interdisciplinary fields continuously breaks through the technical difficulties and completes the products according to the scientific research requirements that the atmospheric collection and monitoring system needs to meet. The relevant person in charge of Huayi Tianji stated: “In order to improve the wind resistance and stability of the monitoring system when collecting samples at high altitudes, we have designed aerodynamic shape structures specifically for drones.”

When it comes to the application prospect of UAV's atmospheric monitoring system, Zhang Chenglong believes that "a thousand people have a thousand ideas." There are also some scientific research units that have contacted them with interest. In addition to the application prospects of three-dimensional precision atmospheric chemistry research tools, he boldly conceived that in the future emergency monitoring areas such as fire, waste incineration, and environmental pollution law enforcement, drones can reach a greater role in areas inaccessible to people. I hope that people in different industries can see that this system can generate different ideas for their applications.

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